Maximize Dynamic Range in Spectroscopy Systems
Programmable-Gain Transimpedance Amplifiers (TIAs) minimize noise while maintaining high bandwidth
Precision instrumentation systems that measure physical properties using a photodiode or other current-output sensor often include a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and a programmable-gain stage to maximize dynamic range. This article uses a real-world example to show the benefits and challenges of implementing a single-stage programmable-gain TIA to minimize noise while maintaining high bandwidth and high accuracy.
Transimpedance amplifiers are essential building blocks in any system that measures light. Many chemical analysis instruments, such as ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) or Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopes, rely on photodiodes to accurately identify chemical compounds. These systems must measure a wide range of light intensity. For example, a UV-VIS spectroscope can measure opaque samples, such as used motor oil, or transparent substances, such as ethanol. In addition, some substances have strong absorption bands at certain wavelengths, while remaining almost transparent at other wavelengths. Instrument designers often add several programmable gains to the signal path to increase the dynamic range.
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